The United Kingdom is a former member state of the European Union and left the Union on January 31, 2020. Following the United Kingdom’s referendum on European Union membership in June 2016 and subsequent negotiations on the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit), Relations between the European Union and the United Kingdom It is mainly governed by four agreements:
- Withdrawal Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom
- Trade and Cooperation Agreement
- EU-UK Agreement on Security Measures for Confidential Information
- EU-UK Agreement on Cooperation in the Safe and Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy
Signed and ratified by both the European Union and the United Kingdom, these agreements cover a wide range of policy areas fair competition and continuous cooperation At the same time, in areas of common interest Protected civil rights will.
Withdrawal Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom
Following the United Kingdom’s referendum on European Union membership in June 2016, the European Union and the United Kingdom negotiated the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union (Brexit). Brexit negotiations began in June 2017 and ended with the entry into force of the Withdrawal Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom on January 31, 2020 at midnight CET.
The Withdrawal Agreement was agreed and signed by the European Union and the United Kingdom. sets terms An orderly exit for the United Kingdom from the European Union According to Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union.
The agreement covers issues such as the protection of civil rights and the financial settlement between the European Union and the United Kingdom, as well as guarantees to avoid a hard border between Ireland and Northern Ireland through an ad hoc protocol.
Post-Brexit Agreements from the European Union
After the United Kingdom’s formal withdrawal from the European Union on January 31, 2020, the European Union and the United Kingdom began future relationship negotiations registered. Some negotiations took place during a transition period (1 February 2020 to 31 December 2020) during which the UK was no longer a member of the European Union but was still subject to certain EU rules.
who – which Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom An important agreement to regulate relations after Britain’s exit from the European Union.
The agreement was signed on December 30, 2020 and has been provisionally implemented since January 1, 2021. It entered into force on May 1, 2021.
Agreement guarantees Equality of opportunity and respect for fundamental rights. It includes:
- A free trade agreement that establishes ambitious economic, social, environmental and fisheries cooperation
- Close partnership for citizen security
- Comprehensive governance framework
In parallel with the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the United Kingdom and the European Union have negotiated, signed and ratified two separate treaties: a confidentiality agreement and Nuclear Energy Agreement.
Although both parties have signed the agreements, far-reaching effects remain for citizens, businesses and stakeholders in both the EU and the UK.
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